Journal of Advanced in Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (JAMPBR)

Abstract ntroduction: Early detection of cancer can significantly increase the likelihood of successful treatment, and imaging tests can have a significant impact on cancer diagnosis. Early cancer treatments are simpler and cheaper than advanced treatments.

Material and method: In the current study, the issue investigated by reviewing 43 articles and considering key words such as "Radiology", "Radio Oncology", "Thoracic", "Pelvic Cancers", and “Systematic Review” in Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed databases.

Results: It should be noted that X-rays can cause changes in DNA, which can lead to cancer in the decades or years to come, but this risk is very small. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified X-rays as a probable carcinogen, although the benefits of X-rays outweigh their negative consequences. According to estimates, 0.4% of cancers in the United States are caused by CT scans, and this figure could increase with the increase in the use of CT scans. On average, at least 62 million CT scans were performed in the United States in 2007.

Conclusion: Early detection helps doctors detect abnormalities in cancer-prone tissues that may develop into malignant cancers and prevent their spread by using cancer treatments.

Abstract Ultrasound is not an ideal imaging modality for an air-filled bowel or obtuse bowel organs. In most cases, barium test, CT scan and MRI are the methods of choice in such an environment. Also, this method is difficult to penetrate the bone and therefore can only see the outer surface of bony structures and not what is inside, except in infants. To visualize the internal structure of certain bones or joints, other imaging methods such as MRI are usually used. Ultrasound tools can help physiotherapists at the bedside in examining the morphology and quality of muscles and soft tissue and even muscle function from initial evaluations and following up the treatment process to evaluating the outcome of the treatment, and it plays an important role in quantifying and increasing the accuracy of physiotherapy evaluations. Also, this tool can significantly increase accuracy in finding trigger points and guiding the needle in dry needling of muscles, especially deep muscles, and can be effective in feedback to patients.

Abstract The skeletal and muscular system includes different types of muscles, each of which plays an essential role in the body's function. The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in diagnosing the cause of chronic pain in nerves, muscles and joints has many advantages over older diagnostic methods. One of the most important advantages is providing a live image of the body organs without using dangerous radiation. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an imaging method of muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves and joints. With the help of musculoskeletal ultrasound, it is possible to observe the stretching and pressure of tendons and muscles. Also, this imaging method can identify nerve entanglement, arthritis and other problems related to the nervous and muscle system. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive imaging method that does not use dangerous radio waves. Observing the anatomical structures and nerves of the body continuously allows the doctor to carry out the diagnosis and treatment process with sufficient precision and accuracy.

Abstract The blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall is done separately for deep and superficial sections. Blood supply to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is carried out from the cutaneous branches of the superior epigastric artery (exit from the internal thoracic artery) and the terminal branches of pairs of 7 to 12 intercostal arteries. The lower parts of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen are supplied by three subcutaneous arteries (from the femoral arterial system) that are located in the ascending and medial directions, anastomose with the arteries (superior epigastric, intercostal, internal sand) which comes out of the upper basin. Blood supply to the deep parts of the anterior abdominal wall occurs due to the inferior and deep epigastric arteries (starting from the external iliac). The most bleeding occurs when the branches of the inferior epigastric artery occur during incisions of the abdominal wall according to Cherni or according to Pfannenstil when passing the incision through the lower edge of the rectus muscle and others. The sinking of the anterior abdominal wall varies with the segment. Its upper parts are attracted by intercostal nerves (pair 7-12). The ilio-hypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves, arising from the lumbar pelvis, provide innervation to the medial abdominal wall. Its lower parts are innervated by the external sciatic nerve (genital branch of the genital nerve). Depending on which part of the abdominal wall is cut, the branches of these nerves are damaged.