Journal of Advanced in Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (JAMPBR)

Abstract Introduction: Delirium can be a real challenge for patients in intensive care units (ICUs), popping up in about 30% of those who’ve had cardiac surgery. We wanted to see if a little vitamin C could help prevent this confusion after open-heart procedures.

Material and methods: We ran a randomized controlled trial with 160 adults set for elective heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz back in 2019. We split them into two groups: 80 got vitamin C (10 cc or 2 grams intravenously right after CPB started, then 1 gram daily for two days), and 80 got a placebo (just distilled water). We kept an eye on delirium using the CAM-ICU tool and tracked things like patient details, surgery stats, and any complications.

Results: At first, we thought delirium hit 22.8% of patients (37 people), with the vitamin C group at 15.2% and the placebo group at 30.1%—a pretty clear difference (P=0.024). But after a closer look, we spotted a hiccup in how we assigned people, so we adjusted the numbers to 20% total (32 patients), with 12.5% in the vitamin C group and 27.5% in the placebo group (P=0.018). Patients with delirium also had longer surgeries, more time on CPB, more bleeding, and extended ICU stays (P<0.05).

Conclusion: It looks like vitamin C might be a helpful tool to keep delirium at bay after heart surgery—pretty exciting stuff!

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the hemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation using the Macintosh laryngoscope and the video laryngoscope in hypertensive patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients, aged 18–60 years, with well-controlled hypertension, were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the Macintosh group (30 patients) and the video laryngoscope group (30 patients). Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before, immediately after, and during the post-intubation period.

Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups. The Macintosh group showed a higher heart rate and increased blood pressure (both SBP and DBP) immediately post-intubation, with more hemodynamic instability over time. In contrast, the video laryngoscope group exhibited more stable hemodynamic responses with less fluctuation in heart rate and blood pressure.

Conclusion: The video laryngoscope offers a more stable hemodynamic profile compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in hypertensive patients, suggesting its potential advantages in reducing stress responses during intubation in these individuals.

Abstract In the present study, the prevalence of dental implants in adult orthodontic patients with oral radiology was examined by reviewing more than 45 articles. Implants are one of the dental implantation techniques that has its own supporters today. However, the beneficial effect of implants depends on several factors, one of which is the selection of the appropriate imaging method. With the advancement of science and technology, imaging has also found its own methods that are used according to the type of operation or diagnosis of the doctor. Among other things that are discussed about the effects of implants under radiology is the selection of one of the types of radiography. It is interesting to know that radiology has different types, which are considered as conventional radiography or cone beam computed tomography. Each of these techniques can provide specific information to the doctor. So, considering these points in the field of implants, one of them is selected. In this process, imaging helps the doctor to make the right intervention in placing the implant on the bone in relation to the surrounding structure. Also, with a correct understanding of the situation, it creates a path for surgery that makes everything safer and more secure and minimizes surgical complications. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of peri-implantitis is more observed in people with an older average age.

Abstract The damaging effects of smoking: Smokers look 8 to 20 years older than their actual age. Smoking for 10 minutes reduces oxygen delivery to the skin for an hour. Researchers conducted this study to investigate the relationship between smoking and DNA methylation. DNA methylation is a specific type of epigenetic change that alters a number of biological processes. 2,728 people from different racial and ethnic groups participated in the study. The researchers were able to identify 408 methylation markers associated with smoking. Two of these markers were not the same in all participants, and race or ethnicity played a significant role in this difference. The researchers calculated the total nicotine equivalents to determine a measure of smoking. The researchers used data from a database to conduct the first study. Then, biological samples were collected from 1,994 participants to determine each person's smoking dose and the level of DNA methylation across the genome. After examining, the researchers concluded that smoking was associated with DNA methylation at 408 sites. 45 new sites were identified. Of these 408 sites, two sites played a significant role in changing the risk of developing the disease based on race or ethnicity. In the African American participants who smoked, one site in the CYTH1 gene was changed. In the Latino participants who smoked, another site in the MYO1G gene was identified.