Journal of Advanced in Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (JAMPBR)

Abstract Introduction: Critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19 are at elevated risk for thrombotic complications due to the prothrombotic effects of both malignancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of thrombosis in this high-risk population.

Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, involving 100 adult cancer patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Data on demographics, cancer type, thrombotic events, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes were collected. Ethical approval was obtained under code IR.TBZMED.REC.1403.021.

Results: Thrombotic complications occurred in 41% of patients, with deep vein thrombosis (22%) and pulmonary embolism (18%) being most common. Patients with thrombosis had significantly higher ICU mortality (63.41% vs. 38.98%, p = 0.011), longer ICU stays, and elevated D-dimer levels (mean 4.86 vs. 2.94 μg/mL, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Thrombosis is highly prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced risk stratification, early detection, and personalized thromboprophylaxis in this vulnerable group.

Abstract Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA), associated with significant morbidity, healthcare costs, and revision surgery. Identifying patient-related and perioperative risk factors is essential to improve outcomes and guide preventive strategies.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 100 patients who underwent primary THA at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between January 2019 and December 2023. Demographic, clinical, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected. PJI diagnosis was based on Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.

Results: The incidence of PJI was 7%. Multivariate analysis identified obesity (BMI >30), diabetes mellitus, smoking history, prolonged operative time (>100 minutes), and blood transfusion as independent predictors of PJI (p < 0.05 for all). Other factors such as use of drains and urinary catheters showed significance in univariate analysis.

Conclusion: PJI after THA is significantly influenced by modifiable risk factors. Optimizing patient comorbidities, minimizing surgical time, and implementing targeted perioperative strategies may reduce infection rates. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.

Abstract Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a common and debilitating complication in patients with head and neck cancers undergoing radiotherapy. Pregabalin, a gabapentinoid, has shown efficacy in treating neuropathic pain, but its prophylactic role in radiotherapy-induced neuropathic pain remains underexplored.

Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences involving 70 patients with head and neck cancer scheduled for radiotherapy. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either pregabalin or placebo throughout the radiotherapy course. Pain intensity and neuropathic pain features were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire. Rescue analgesic consumption was recorded.

Results: Pregabalin significantly reduced pain intensity and neuropathic symptoms compared to placebo at multiple time points during and after radiotherapy (p < 0.001). Additionally, the pregabalin group required less rescue analgesics, indicating better pain control.

Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of pregabalin effectively decreases radiotherapy-induced neuropathic pain severity and analgesic consumption in patients with head and neck cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.

Abstract The rate of muscle cell growth is also dependent on the activity of some hormones, including growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and steroid sex hormones, especially testosterone. Research results on the acute hormonal response to resistance training show that anabolic hormones such as growth hormone and testosterone, which are very important and vital in tissue growth and remodeling, increase during and after resistance training. These hormones play an important role in increasing protein synthesis. Therefore, the improvement of some physical fitness factors in adolescents is attributed to the increase in the level of these hormones. In this regard, Kramer (2004) stated that if the rest interval between resistance training periods performed at 80% of 1RM in 6 periods and 10 repetitions in each period is less than 1 minute, it can cause a significant increase in the secretion of growth hormone and testosterone. Testosterone is an anabolic hormone that stimulates protein synthesis and plays a very important role in the growth and maintenance of muscle tissue. Growth hormone is one of the most important hormones in the body that, along with a group of other hormones, affects metabolism and is necessary for maintaining body weight and protein synthesis in adults. It has been proven that normal growth is directly related to the plasma concentration of Somatomedin-C or insulin-like growth factor IGF-1.