Journal of Advanced in Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (JAMPBR)

Abstract Introduction: Evaluating the comparative effects of ketamine and dexmedetomidine on adverse events following traumatic nasal surgeries is clinically significant. Clarifying their roles in reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting, shivering, hypotension, and bradycardia supports evidence-based anesthetic selection. This research enhances perioperative care by informing tailored anesthetic strategies, ultimately promoting patient safety, improving postoperative recovery, and optimizing outcomes in trauma patients undergoing nasal surgery.

Material and methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial will compare ketamine and dexmedetomidine regarding adverse event incidence in adults undergoing traumatic nasal surgery. Consecutive eligible patients will be randomized and both participants and clinical staff will be blinded. Data on postoperative complications will be systematically collected and statistically analyzed. The study is ethically approved and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring rigorous methodology, patient safety, and reliable, generalizable results for evidence-based anesthetic management.

Results: The comparative analysis of ketamine and dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing traumatic nasal surgery revealed no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, shivering, hypotension, and bradycardia requiring treatment. Both anesthetic agents demonstrated similar safety profiles, with low rates of hemodynamic complications and comparable risks for common postoperative events, supporting their use as equally viable options in this clinical context.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ketamine and dexmedetomidine provide comparable safety profiles for patients undergoing traumatic nasal surgery, with no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, shivering, hypotension, or bradycardia requiring intervention.

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is of paramount clinical importance, as it offers novel insights into the systemic nature of this inflammatory disease beyond the axial skeleton. Elucidating the gut-joint axis may uncover microbial biomarkers and therapeutic targets, enabling earlier diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and potentially disease-modifying interventions that address underlying immune dysregulation rather than merely suppressing symptoms.

Material and methods: This systematic review rigorously synthesized current evidence on gut microbiota’s role in ankylosing spondylitis by screening multiple databases, applying strict inclusion criteria, and following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently to ensure reliability. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies was carefully evaluated, with statistical analyses and subgroup assessments employed to interpret variability, ultimately providing a comprehensive, high-quality appraisal of the gut-joint axis in AS pathogenesis.

Results: The results of this systematic review, synthesized from nine eligible studies, reveal consistent alterations in gut microbiota composition among patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Notable findings include increased abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus species and reduced levels of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus. These microbial changes were associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23), increased zonulin levels, and reduced butyrate, suggesting a link between dysbiosis, impaired gut barrier function, and systemic inflammation in AS.

Conclusion: Based on the synthesized evidence, ankylosing spondylitis is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by increased Prevotella and reduced Faecalibacterium, alongside elevated pro-inflammatory, intestinal permeability markers. These findings suggest a gut–immune axis contributing to disease pathogenesis.

Abstract Background: Second-degree burns involving the epidermis and dermis are commonly associated with pain and risk of infection, and inadequate treatment can lead to serious complications. Prontosan solution, containing antibacterial and biofilm-disrupting agents, has the potential to accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Prontosan and normal saline in the healing of second-degree burn wounds.

Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at Motahari Burn Hospital in Tehran, enrolling 60 patients with deep second-degree burns. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of 30: the intervention group received wound irrigation with Prontosan solution and gel, while the control group was treated with normal saline irrigation. Block randomization and assessor blinding were employed to minimize bias. Clinical and microbiological wound outcomes were evaluated on days 7, 14, and 21. Sample size was calculated based on the expected difference in wound healing time.

Results: The intervention group showed significantly reduced wound size, exudate, pain, and infection on days 14 and 21, along with accelerated epithelization (p<0.01). Wound appearance was also significantly improved in this group (p<0.01). Microbial cultures revealed a higher proportion of negative results in the Prontosan group compared to controls (p=0.00).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that Prontosan can accelerate the healing process of burn wounds, reduce pain, infection, and exudate, and improve patients’ quality of life. Prontosan is recommended as a safe and effective treatment option in clinical protocols; however, further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term effects.

Abstract Introduction: Understanding changes in brain waves during anesthesia is crucial for optimizing patient safety, refining anesthetic management, and minimizing perioperative neurological complications. EEG-guided anesthesia enables real-time assessment of cerebral function, facilitating precise titration and early detection of intraoperative awareness or neurotoxicity.

Material and methods: This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, included peer-reviewed studies reporting EEG changes during anesthesia in humans. Comprehensive literature searches across major databases identified eligible observational and interventional studies. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using validated tools. Heterogeneity was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses performed to ensure robustness and reliability of findings related to anesthetic-induced neurophysiological alterations.

Results: A systematic search utilizing MeSH terms and free-text keywords identified 1,258 articles, with 1,017 records screened after removal of duplicates. Ninety-six articles underwent full-text assessment according to strict inclusion criteria, resulting in the exclusion of eighty-seven studies. Ultimately, nine eligible studies—comprising five observational, three interventional, and one mixed-methods design—were included. This transparent selection process is detailed in the PRISMA flowchart and summarized across three analytical tables.

Conclusion: In summary, this systematic review highlights the diversity of research on EEG and neurophysiological monitoring during anesthesia. Out of 1,258 identified records, nine studies met all eligibility criteria, encompassing observational, interventional, and mixed-methods designs.

Abstract Introduction: Targeted therapy for lung cancer is a treatment that kills cancer cells, can also affect normal cells, and can cause unwanted side effects.

Material and Method: In the current study, the issue investigated by reviewing 35 articles (2018-2025) and considering key words such as "lung cancer", " targeted therapy", "cancer", " cell culture", “PDS model” in Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed databases.

Findings: The results of the study showed that healthy lung tissue from the same patients used as spheroids. These natural spheroids help measure the toxicity of drugs on healthy lung cells, thus avoiding harmful side effects. Chemotherapy works by killing rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. This treatment works by stopping cells from growing and dividing. These treatments specifically target proteins inside cancer cells that tell cancer cells to multiply. Targeted therapies only kill cancer cells. That's why they're called targeted. Statistics show that 30% to 40% of people receiving targeted therapy develop resistance to the treatment. The spheroid cultures described in this study help identify the most effective treatment for each patient and assess the risk of cancer cell adaptation and resistance to treatments.

Conclusion: Lung spheroid models offer hope in the search for personalized cancer treatments and serve as a gateway for the development of anticancer therapies tailored to each individual. The findings also showed that this lung PDS model is an effective in vitro drug-screening tool to identify an optimized treatment for the patient.

Abstract Facial fillers have become an integral component of aesthetic practice due to their ability to restore facial volume, smooth wrinkles, and enhance contour with minimally invasive techniques. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction and document the prevalence and types of common adverse effects associated with facial filler treatments. A total of 200 patients who received various types of dermal fillers were surveyed using structured questionnaires focusing on treatment outcomes, satisfaction levels, and any experienced complications. Results demonstrated a high overall patient satisfaction rate, with 85% of participants reporting improvements in facial aesthetics and a positive impact on self-confidence. The majority of patients favored the minimally invasive nature and rapid recovery associated with filler procedures. However, 30% of participants reported experiencing mild to moderate adverse effects, the most frequent being transient erythema, swelling, bruising, and tenderness at the injection site. Less common but notable complications included lumps, asymmetry, and, rarely, vascular occlusion. The study highlights the importance of proper patient selection, practitioner expertise, and post-procedural care in optimizing outcomes and minimizing risks. Additionally, patient education regarding potential side effects and realistic expectations is essential to maintaining satisfaction. This study provides valuable insights into the safety profile and patient perspectives of facial fillers in aesthetic medicine, reinforcing their role as effective yet not risk-free interventions.