Journal of Advanced in Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (JAMPBR)

Abstract The convergence of parametric design methodologies and personalized facial reconstruction represents a transformative interdisciplinary frontier linking architecture, computational design, and craniofacial medicine. Contemporary architecture—particularly the works of pioneers such as Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher—has demonstrated how algorithm-driven geometries, adaptive modeling systems, and data-responsive morphologies can produce highly individualized spatial solutions. This article explores how these architectural principles inform and enhance personalized facial reconstruction, particularly in cases involving trauma, congenital anomalies, or oncological resection. By examining parametric modeling workflows, digital fabrication techniques, and performance-based design logic, the study proposes a conceptual and methodological framework for transferring architectural parametric intelligence into biomedical reconstruction processes. Drawing parallels between building information modeling (BIM), generative algorithms, and 3D craniofacial imaging technologies, the research identifies shared epistemological foundations: variability, optimization, and systemic integration. Architectural case studies—including projects such as the Heydar Aliyev Center—illustrate how continuous surface modulation and structural-fluid integration can inspire anatomically sensitive prosthetic and surgical design. The paper argues that parametric logic enables surgeons and biomedical engineers to move beyond standardized implants toward patient-specific, performance-optimized reconstructions. Furthermore, digital fabrication technologies, including additive manufacturing, parallel architectural robotic fabrication processes, allowing precise customization at micro and macro scales. Ultimately, the integration of architectural parametric strategies into medical reconstruction promotes a paradigm shift from restorative replication toward adaptive personalization. The interdisciplinary dialogue not only enhances aesthetic and functional outcomes but also reframes facial reconstruction as a design intelligence problem. The article concludes that contemporary architectural parametricism provides conceptual tools, computational techniques, and ethical considerations that can significantly advance personalized facial reconstruction in the era of precision medicine.

Abstract Background: Skin grafting remains a cornerstone of reconstructive plastic surgery. Graft failure, particularly due to shear forces, hematoma, or fluid accumulation, necessitates reliable fixation. Numerous techniques exist, including traditional tie-over dressings, tissue adhesives, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and sealed vacuum dressings, but their comparative effectiveness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of different skin graft fixation techniques regarding graft take rate, complication profile, and operative time.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) conducted from inception to December 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies comparing at least two skin graft fixation methods in adult patients undergoing split- or full-thickness skin grafting were included. The primary outcome was graft take rate (>95% take). Secondary outcomes included hematoma/seroma formation, infection, patient-reported comfort, and operative time. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results: Fourteen studies (n=1,042 patients) met inclusion criteria. Compared to conventional tie-over dressings, NPWT significantly improved complete graft take (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23, p<0.001) and reduced hematoma/seroma rates (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18–0.57). Tissue adhesives showed shorter operative time (MD -18.5 minutes, 95% CI -25.1 to -11.9) but no difference in graft take. Sealed vacuum dressings were non-inferior to NPWT but cheaper. Infection rates did not differ significantly between techniques.

Conclusion: NPWT and sealed vacuum dressings significantly enhance graft take and reduce fluid complications compared to tie-over dressings. Technique selection should balance efficacy, cost, and clinical setting.

Abstract Background: For individuals with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, consistent attendance at dialysis sessions, adherence to dietary recommendations, compliance with prescribed medications, and regulation of fluid intake are crucial. These practices not only help manage the illness but also contribute to better health outcomes and improved quality of life.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of a collaborative care model on treatment adherence among patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out at Shohada Lordegan Hospital between 2020 and 2021. Sixty-six patients receiving hemodialysis were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group participated in eight structured educational sessions based on the four-step collaborative care framework—motivation, preparation, engagement, and evaluation. Participants were monitored for three months following the program. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a treatment adherence scale tailored for hemodialysis patients, administered both before and three months after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 22, applying descriptive measures along with Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test.

Results: After three months, the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in overall adherence scores and in all four specific domains—dialysis attendance, medication compliance, fluid restriction, and dietary adherence—compared to both their baseline results and the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that educational programs grounded in collaborative care principles can substantially enhance adherence to treatment regimens. Incorporating this model into nursing practice should be prioritized, particularly for patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Abstract Periodontal diseases represent one of the most common oral health problems worldwide and are a major cause of tooth loss among adults. These diseases primarily result from the accumulation of dental plaque and pathogenic microorganisms that trigger inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues. Effective oral hygiene practices play a crucial role in preventing the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of common oral hygiene practices, including tooth brushing, flossing, the use of antimicrobial mouth rinses, and regular dental visits, on the prevention of periodontal diseases.
A cross sectional analytical study design used to assess the relationship between oral hygiene behaviors and periodontal health outcomes among adult participants. Data collected through clinical periodontal examinations and structured questionnaires assessing participants’ oral hygiene habits. Key indicators such as plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing used to measure periodontal status. Statistical analyses conducted to determine associations between hygiene practices and periodontal health indicators.
The findings indicate that individuals who maintain consistent oral hygiene routines demonstrate significantly lower plaque accumulation and reduced gingival inflammation compared with those with irregular oral hygiene behaviors. Regular tooth brushing (twice daily or more), daily flossing, and the use of antimicrobial mouthwash were strongly associated with improved periodontal health outcomes. Furthermore, participants who attended routine dental checkups showed early detection and management of periodontal conditions.
The study highlights the essential role of preventive oral hygiene behaviors in maintaining periodontal health and reducing the risk of disease progression. Public health initiatives emphasizing oral hygiene education and preventive dental care can substantially decrease the global burden of periodontal diseases. These findings support the integration of preventive oral health strategies into community health programs to improve long term dental health outcomes.

Abstract Digital technologies have significantly transformed modern dentistry, enabling improved diagnostic capabilities, treatment planning, and restorative procedures. Among these innovations, Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has emerged as one of the most influential advancements in digital dentistry. CAD/CAM systems allow clinicians to design and manufacture dental restorations with high precision, efficiency, and consistency. The integration of intraoral scanners, specialized design software, and milling or 3D printing devices has enabled dentists and dental laboratories to produce crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, implant abutments, and orthodontic appliances with enhanced accuracy and reduced treatment time. This study examines the current applications, benefits, and limitations of CAD/CAM technology in contemporary dental practice. A structured methodological approach used to analyze clinical outcomes, workflow efficiency, material performance, and patient satisfaction associated with CAD/CAM based restorations. Data were collected from clinical case analyses and published literature to evaluate the effectiveness of digital workflows compared with conventional techniques. The results demonstrate that CAD/CAM systems significantly improve restoration accuracy, reduce laboratory-processing time, and enhance patient comfort by minimizing the need for traditional impressions. Additionally, digital fabrication enables better reproducibility and standardization of dental prostheses. However, certain limitations remain, including high initial investment costs, technical learning curves, and material constraints in some clinical situations. Overall, CAD/CAM technology represents a fundamental shift toward digital dentistry and has the potential to revolutionize restorative and prosthetic treatments. Continued advancements in scanning accuracy, artificial intelligence integration, and biomaterial development expected to expand the clinical capabilities of CAD/CAM systems. Understanding these developments is essential for dental professionals seeking to optimize treatment outcomes and adopt modern digital workflows in dental practice.

Abstract Oral health no longer viewed as an isolated component of human well-being but rather as a critical determinant of systemic health. This article explores the intricate relationship between oral diseases, particularly periodontitis, and various systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The abstract provides a concise summary of the evidence suggesting that chronic oral inflammation serves as a reservoir for pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogens that can enter the systemic circulation. By analyzing current longitudinal studies and clinical trials, this review highlights the bidirectional nature of these relationships, where systemic diseases can exacerbate oral conditions and vice versa. The paper aims to provide a robust synthesis of the biological pathways involved, including bacteremia and systemic inflammatory responses. Clinical implications for integrated healthcare models are discussed, emphasizing the need for collaboration between dental and medical professionals. This comprehensive analysis serves as a foundation for understanding how maintaining oral hygiene can mitigate the risk of chronic systemic illnesses.

Abstract Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant global health burden, characterized by high morbidity and a five-year survival rate that has seen little improvement over the past decades, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis. Early detection is the single most critical factor in improving patient outcomes, as localized lesions (Stage I and II) carry a significantly better prognosis than advanced-stage malignancies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of current and emerging diagnostic modalities, ranging from the gold-standard clinical visual examination (CVE) to advanced molecular and digital adjuncts. The abstract explores the integration of optical imaging technologies, such as tissue fluorescence and narrow-band imaging, alongside the promising field of salivary liquid biopsy. Despite technological advancements, several challenges persist, including the "wait and see" approach often adopted by clinicians, the lack of standardized screening protocols, and socioeconomic barriers that limit access to specialized care. This review synthesizes data from various clinical trials to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these tools. Furthermore, it addresses the burgeoning role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in automating the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The findings suggest that while high-tech adjuncts offer enhanced visualization, they cannot yet replace histological examination. The paper concludes that a multimodal approach combining clinician education, public awareness, and the deployment of cost-effective screening tools is essential to reduce the global burden of oral cancer. This study aims to provide a roadmap for researchers and practitioners to bridge the gap between bench-side innovation and bedside application, ensuring that early detection becomes a reality for at-risk populations worldwide.

Abstract Background: Wound healing complications following plastic and reconstructive procedures remain a significant clinical challenge. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has emerged as an alternative to conventional closure techniques (CCT), yet its comparative efficacy in plastic surgery populations remains incompletely synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare NPWT versus CCT for postoperative wound healing in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science from inception to January 2026 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies comparing NPWT with standard gauze, adhesive dressings, or primary closure in plastic surgery patients. Primary outcomes were complete wound healing rate, time to healing (days), and surgical site infection (SSI). Secondary outcomes included dehiscence, seroma, and hospital stay. Risk of bias assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Random-effects meta-analyses performed.

Results: Fourteen studies (n=1,247 patients) met inclusion criteria. NPWT significantly improved complete wound healing rate compared to CCT (risk ratio [RR]=1.18; 95% CI: 1.09–1.28; p<0.001; I²=42%). Time to healing was reduced by 4.8 days (95% CI: -6.2 to -3.4; p<0.001; I²=58%). SSI incidence was lower with NPWT (RR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.39–0.75; p<0.001; I²=0%). Dehiscence (RR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.31–0.78) and seroma (RR=0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.90) also favored NPWT. Hospital stay was reduced by 2.3 days (p=0.002).

Conclusions: NPWT significantly enhances wound healing and reduces complications compared to conventional techniques in plastic and reconstructive surgery. These findings support NPWT as a preferred modality for high-risk surgical wounds and compromised tissue beds.

Abstract Background: Axillary management in early-stage breast cancer has evolved from routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) toward less invasive strategies, including sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and targeted axillary dissection (TAD). However, optimal integration of surgical, radiological, and oncological approaches remains debated.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy, safety, and oncological outcomes of multidisciplinary axillary management strategies in early-stage breast cancer (cT1-2N0).

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 2015–2025 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies comparing multidisciplinary approaches (SLNB ± TAD ± nodal radiotherapy) versus ALND. Primary outcomes: axillary recurrence rate (ARR), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and morbidity (lymphedema). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results: Fourteen studies (n=8,742 patients) met inclusion criteria. Multidisciplinary management significantly reduced lymphedema (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21–0.48; p<0.001) without compromising ARR (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.67–1.87; p=0.67). OS (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89–1.04) and DFS (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.91–1.06) were equivalent between groups. Subgroup analysis showed TAD and nodal radiotherapy achieved lowest axillary failure rates (1.2%).

Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach incorporating SLNB, TAD, and selective nodal irradiation provides equivalent oncological safety with significantly reduced morbidity compared to ALND. These findings support de-escalation of axillary surgery in early-stage breast cancer.

Abstract Background and Aim: Illness perception and caregiver burden in cancer patients represent a serious challenge in the healthcare system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing a self-management program based on the 5A model on caregiver burden of family caregivers and illness perception of patients with colorectal and lung cancers.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample size of 56 patients with colorectal and lung cancers and their family caregivers. Caregiving interventions based on the 5A model were delivered in five stages to the intervention groups through in-person and virtual sessions. The intervention''s effect was then followed up for two months. Data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaires, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) and independent t-tests, Fisher''s exact test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results: The mean and standard deviation of caregiver burden scores before the intervention showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p > 0.85). However, this score immediately after the intervention and two months post-follow-up showed a statistically significant difference in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The mean and standard deviation of illness perception scores before the intervention, after the intervention, and after the follow-up did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.39).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the 5A model can be effective in reducing caregiver burden among family caregivers of cancer patients; however, its effect on patients'' illness perception requires more time.