Prognostic Significance of p53 Alterations within the Biomarker Profile of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Eghdam Zamiri, Reza; Mehrasa, Parisa

doi:10.5281/zenodo.23152109

Prognostic Significance of p53 Alterations within the Biomarker Profile of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Reza Eghdam Zamiri ¹

Parisa Mehrasa ²

¹ Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

² Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

10.5281/zenodo.23152109

Abstract

Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer management is hindered by receptor discordance and biological heterogeneity. While standard biomarkers guide therapy, the specific prognostic impact of p53 alterations in advanced disease remains under-characterized, limiting clinical risk stratification. This study evaluates the prognostic significance of p53 alterations within the comprehensive biomarker profile of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Shahid Madani Hospital, analyzed 250 patients with metastatic breast cancer recruited via convenience sampling. Calculated using Cochran’s formula, the sample underwent a systematic review of medical records and pathology reports. We extracted comprehensive clinicopathological data and biomarker profiles, specifically p53 status, to assess their prognostic significance and associations with metastatic disease characteristics and therapeutic outcomes.

Results: Aberrant p53 expression (86.2% in TNBC, P<0.001) significantly correlates with aggressive metastatic organotropism, notably visceral involvement (41.3% vs. 14.5%, P<0.001). Median overall survival was markedly reduced in patients with aberrant p53 (18.4 vs. 38.6 months, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed p53 deregulation as a potent, independent prognostic determinant for mortality (aHR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.75–3.10, P<0.001), surpassing conventional clinical biomarkers in predicting adverse outcomes in metastatic breast malignancy.

Conclusion: This study identifies p53 functional alteration as a critical independent prognostic biomarker for metastatic breast cancer, driving aggressive visceral dissemination and accelerated mortality. These data indicate that p53 status is a more potent survival determinant than standard clinicopathological markers.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Metastatic breast cancer

p53 status

prognostic biomarker

overall survival

Subjects

Cancer research

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